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Nora tells no one about her new job. When her sister, Una, claims to have heard a rumor about Nora returning to the Gibneys, Nora insists that she has yet to make up her mind. She reflects on something her mother once said: that her family, including her sisters, “preferred Maurice to her” (61). She remembers visits to the farm where her sister Catherine lived with her husband, Mark. Driving out to the farm with Maurice would bring up her memories of past family traumas. Now, she expects that these stories will “die out soon” (63) because they are not being passed along. Instead, Conor and Donal are more interested in discussing which houses are haunted. As Nora drives them once again to Catherine’s farm, she tries to reassure them that ghosts do not exist.
In the farmhouse, Catherine fusses around and never sits. The farm is large, Nora thinks, and the family is wealthy. She feels like an “object of pity” (66) who is being hosted by her wealthy sister. Catherine does not mention food, but Nora takes sly pleasure in refusing to be polite. Conor and Donal become hungry; though the hosts have already eaten, Nora is “determined” not to refuse her sister’s insincere offer to cook for them, and she takes pleasure in irritating Catherine. That night, she thinks about her alienation from her family. Nora’s brother-in-law, Jim, and his wife, Margaret, were with her when Maurice died, and they will always share a bond with her. However, with Catherine and her other sister, Una, Nora feels distant. She is not sure whether she will ever again be able to have “a normal conversation” (71).
Early the next morning, she takes a solitary walk, feeling a mix of resentment, grief, and rage as she thinks about Maurice’s long, painful final days. She thinks with pleasure of Catherine telephoning Una to discuss “how rude Nora had been” (75). When the family plans an outing to Kilkenny, Nora suggests that she stay at the farm with Donal. That night, she tells Catherine about her plans to return to work, admitting that she and Maurice had no savings and that the widow’s pension is very small. Jim and Margaret are paying for Aine’s schooling, and Fiona will graduate soon. Nora and Catherine also talk about Francie Kavanagh and Peggy Gibney. Then, finally, they talk about Nora’s new haircut.
When they have returned home, Nora watches television. The film Gaslight is being shown, which Nora remembers as being “one of the best films [she has] ever seen” (81). She speaks enthusiastically about the film, and when Donal and Conor take an interest, she reluctantly agrees to let them stay up past their normal bedtime to watch it. As the film progresses, she realizes that neither boy has seen a film like this before. The fraught, tense depiction of emotional abuse is alien to Conor and Donal, who have mostly only seen action films. Nora is captivated by the film as the boys huddle beside her, similarly engaged.
Nora is set to start at Gibney’s soon. Fiona and Aine return home, and Aine agrees to take extra Latin classes in the hope that she will obtain a grant to attend university. Margaret has offered to pay for these classes. Meanwhile, Donal takes pleasure in photographing his family, even though his camera is not fully functional. As the hours pass, Nora realizes that she is “not needed” (85). She explains to Fiona and Aine that she has arranged for Donal and Conor to look after themselves during the few hours between the end of the school day and her return from the office. Feeling as though her children are cross-examining her, Nora notes that “none of them [have] any sense of how precarious things [are]” (86). Even after selling the house in Cush, Nora is still worried about money. Now, Una tells a story about Francie Kavanagh, who supposedly angered a co-worker so much that the co-worker filled Francie’s coat pocket with dog feces.
Later, Aine tells Nora that Una has been dating someone from the local golf club. Nora, who is 46, once believed that her 40-year-old sister would never marry. However, the identity of Una’s partner is a mystery. Later, when Nora drives Fiona back to the rain station, she hints to her daughter that money will be tight. Quietly, Fiona abandons her plans to continue her studies in Dublin so that she can find a job in Wexford and help her mother. That night, Nora agrees to watch another film with Conor and Donal, but she worries about the film’s depiction of death.
The next day, Nora attends her first day of work and realizes that she is older than most of the other women in the office. Francie Kavanagh feigns surprise that Nora is starting that day and makes Nora wait for a long time, quietly asserting her authority. While waiting, Nora meets a young woman and realizes that this is Elizabeth Gibney, Peggy’s daughter, who works in the family business. Elizabeth is keen to contest the authority of “Francie-Pants Kavanagh” (94), so she invites Nora into the office and offers her a desk. At Elizabeth’s insistence, Francie returns and subjects Nora to a difficult bookkeeping test. Nora feels the pressure and struggles to perform the task. Eventually, however, she finishes the test and walks home with a familiar “feeling of pure freedom” (97).
Nora works in Elizabeth’s office. As she performs her administrative tasks, Elizabeth chatters on the telephone about her social life. The traveling salesmen at the firm are all paid different rates: a system designed by the Gibney’s to pay them as little as possible. Nora develops a shorthand to remember exactly how much each employee is paid. She soon realizes that Francie does not really understand the system, which is why everyone resents and dislikes her. Francie Kavanagh fights with everyone, though she and Elizabeth studiously ignore each other. Nora enjoys working alongside Elizabeth because she can focus on her work. She also learns about Elizabeth’s complicated social life, including her romantic relationship with a man from Dublin named Roger. Though Elizabeth likes Roger, she would also enjoy “a big romance” (101) if the opportunity presented itself. When Elizabeth meets a town clerk in the local golf club, she asks Nora to ask Una for more information about the man. Nora is intrigued by Elizabeth’s hints about Una’s social life; Elizabeth says that Una and her mysterious boyfriend are “a lovely couple” (104).
In these chapters, Tóibín establishes the irony involved in Nora’s resentment over The Stifling Effects of Small Communities, for her interactions with others soon prove that she is just as guilty of indulging in surreptitious “surveillance” as everyone else is. Her keen interest in discovering the identity of her sister Una’s secret boyfriend (Seamus)—a fact that everyone seems to know but her—implies that Nora occupies a rather hypocritical position. Although she resents the community’s constant invasions of her privacy, she also resents the fact that she was not aware of this significant development in her sister’s life. While she does not pry into the matter because she wants to practice what she preaches, she nonetheless feels a strong desire to know more about Una’s love interest and to understand why this fact was hidden from her.
Nora’s ignorance on this topic hints at a complicated relationship with her sisters, which is also evident in her deliberate attempts to exhaust Catherine’s patience while visiting. She knows that Catherine will be annoyed if she acts in a certain manner, yet she does so anyway, as though she is daring Catherine to break social etiquette and explicitly criticize her. Ironically, although Nora loves her sisters, she does not see that her deliberate antagonism spurs them to refrain from sharing everything with her. These complicated relationships result in a barrage of microaggressions among the sisters, who remain guarded and repressed despite their love for one another.
The difficulties of small-town life also persist in Nora’s professional sphere as she begins to work in the Gibneys’ office, and it is clear that this benevolent offer of employment is a double-edged sword for Nora. Although she needs the work, she resents being forced back into the world from which she once escaped. Caged by her need to work to support her family, she sees each hour in the office as another reminder of all that Maurice’s death has taken from her. At the same time, Francie’s tyrannical presence in the office shows her an alternative version of how her life might have unfolded if she had stayed with the Gibneys. Francie Kavanagh worked at the mill at the same time as Nora and has remained in the office long enough to become a petty tyrant who rules her small domain in a despotic fashion. However, the insight that Nora was cruel to Francie during her past tenure in the office places Francie’s current mistreatment in a new light, implying that this belated punishment of Nora is not entirely undeserved. In the past, Nora abandoned Francie to spend time with her friends, almost bullying Francie in a way that she does not quite confront. The resulting tension between Francie and Nora therefore illustrates another peril of life in a small town, proving that past mistakes can complicate the future in unexpected ways.
Acting as a foil to Nora in many ways, Elizabeth Gibney is young, wealthy, and—to all intents and purposes—happy. Elizabeth’s work in the office remains superficial at best. She spends most of her time on the telephone, chatting about her love life, while waging a half-hearted war against Francie Kavanagh seemingly for no other reason than to entertain herself. In this way, Elizabeth is almost an inversion of Nora. She has everything that Nora lacks: money, stability, youth, and love. However, it is also important to note that Elizabeth is alienated from the community in her own way; she has no real connection to those around her and no real purpose in her life. Elizabeth has everything she needs to escape from this small, stifling community, but she remains, using her wealth and status to turn this community into a gilded cage for herself. As Elizabeth revels in the small-town gossip, she knows that her relative wealth and power render her immune to the social consequences that Nora so deeply fears.
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By Colm Tóibín
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Grief
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