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Cummings had a number of artistic influences. As a child, he showed an affinity for Transcendentalism, a 19th-century American movement focused on the divine nature of the individual human soul, a connection to nature, and the polluting effects of society on the individual. Cummings developed his relationship with God through Transcendentalist ideas, and this early influence helped develop his intense commitment to individualism and his disdain for conformity.
As he continued his education, Cummings became familiar with the Romantic poets of the 19th century, and he identified with their commitment to intense emotion, individuality, and romantic notions of the soul and the individual human spirit. Romanticism was a heavy influence on Transcendentalism, so Cummings’s affinity for both was a natural development.
However, by the time Cummings became an adult, the artistic world was in the midst of the Modernist revolution. Inspired by industrialization, the rise of cities, and the horrors of World War I, the Modernists embraced a new kind of art defined by subjectivity, fragmentation, and new ways of looking at the world. While Cummings wrote most of his work in classical formats like sonnets, he embraced this new movement in his writing and art. He exemplified it by modifying his use of language and defying traditional syntax and grammar. However, Cummings also wrote about many traditional subjects like love and flowers.
Critics have often noted that one of Cummings’s main appeals to readers is his unique, Modernist approach to classical formats and subjects. Another draw is his frank and honest depiction of love and sexuality. Cummings often depicted long-lasting love and commitment in almost sacred, religious ways, and “anyone lived in a pretty how town” is a prime example of that.
Cummings lived and wrote during some of the most transformational times in human history. “anyone lived in a pretty how town,” published in 1940, comes at the tail end of The Great Depression and during the first years of World War II. This was a tumultuous time of economic, political, and technological change. The Depression resulted in nostalgia for simpler times and the glorification of traditional family structures and values. World War II signaled the rise of fascism and communism, and America’s economic and manufacturing build-up to World War II helped bring about a new kind of prosperity to the country.
During the Depression and WWII, the American government simultaneously pushed ideas of individualism and sacrifice while also ramping up government involvement in people’s lives. And as the 1940s went on, distrust of communism and leftist ideologies grew, ultimately culminating in McCarthyism and the Cold War. Cummings detested Soviet Russia, believing it was a place that stripped people of their individuality, and “anyone lived in a pretty how town” reflects that concern. However, the town in the poem also has a very suburban American feel in its characters who live the same, repetitive lives with no time for anyone but themselves. In a way, the poem comments on the various societal structures that were beginning to rise at this time, all while painting a Romantic picture of the quiet commitment, love, and empathy of its two main characters.
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By E. E. Cummings